What is stomach cancer?
Stomach (gastric) cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control in the lining of the stomach. It can develop in any part of the stomach. Identifying early signs and starting evaluation promptly gives the best chance of effective treatment. Lifestyle habits such as smoking, drinking, obesity, an unhealthy diet and a family history can increase risk.
Early warning signs
Dr. Suresh Advani's patient-education article describes these possible early signs of stomach cancer:
- Bloating or feeling uncomfortably full after eating only a little
- Persistent heartburn that does not settle with antacids or medicines
- Early satiety — feeling full even without eating much
- Nausea and vomiting that keeps returning
- Changes in bowel habits, including dark or bloody stools
- Constant discomfort or heaviness in the upper abdomen
- Unexplained weight loss
- Tiredness and weakness, sometimes from anaemia due to blood loss
- Blood in vomit — which needs immediate medical attention
Many of these symptoms are also caused by ulcers or acid reflux (GERD). What matters is whether they are persistent, getting worse or accompanied by weight loss, anaemia or bleeding.
When to see a gastroenterologist
- Indigestion or heartburn that persists despite treatment
- New digestive symptoms after the age of 40
- Difficulty swallowing
- Vomiting blood or black stools — go to emergency
- Weight loss without trying
- Family history of stomach cancer
How it is diagnosed
An upper GI endoscopy is the key test. A thin flexible camera is passed through the mouth to examine the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum, and small tissue samples (biopsies) can be taken. CT scanning helps assess spread.
Smita Memorial Hospital's Gastroenterology Department has an advanced endoscopy suite for endoscopy, colonoscopy and ERCP, and manages gastrointestinal cancers including gastric, oesophageal, gallbladder, pancreatic, colon and bowel cancers together with oncology and surgery.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the stage and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. At Smita Memorial Hospital, gastroenterologists, gastrointestinal and laparoscopic surgeons and the Oncology Department, led by Prof. (Dr.) Suresh Advani, work together on each patient's plan.
H. pylori and stomach health
Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterial infection of the stomach lining. It can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers and is recognised as a risk factor for stomach cancer. It can be diagnosed with tests, sometimes during endoscopy, and treated with a course of medicines. If you have recurring ulcer symptoms, ask your gastroenterologist whether testing for H. pylori is appropriate.
Preparing for an upper GI endoscopy
- Do not eat or drink for the time advised before the procedure
- Tell the doctor about blood thinners and diabetes medicines
- Mention allergies and previous reactions to sedation
- Arrange for someone to accompany you if sedation is planned
- Biopsy results take time — ask when to expect them
Eating well during treatment
Stomach cancer and its treatment can make eating difficult. Small frequent meals, soft foods and high-protein options help maintain weight and strength. Smita Memorial Hospital's dietitians offer personalised nutrition counselling and medical nutrition therapy for gastrointestinal disorders, working with the oncology team.
Reducing risk
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables
- Limit very salty, smoked and preserved foods
- Get persistent digestive symptoms checked
- Treat H. pylori infection if found
Specialists you can consult
Dr. Bony George
MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine), DM (Medical Gastroenterology), DrNB Medical…
Frequently asked questions
Is stomach cancer curable?
It can be treated successfully when identified early. Outcomes depend on the stage at diagnosis.
Is heartburn a sign of cancer?
Usually not — most heartburn is due to acid reflux. Heartburn that persists despite treatment or comes with weight loss or bleeding should be evaluated.
Where can I get an endoscopy in Thodupuzha?
In the endoscopy suites of Smita Memorial Hospital's Gastroenterology Department.
Who treats stomach cancer at Smita Hospital?
Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal surgery and the Oncology Department work together.
Sources
- Dr. Suresh Advani — What Are the Symptoms of Stomach Cancer in the Early Stages?, drsureshadvani.in
- Gastroenterology & Endoscopy Suites, smitahospital.com
